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Forget “Mummy,” It’s “Mummified Person” Now

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Some museums omit the term “mummy” to describe the extant ancient Egyptian bodies in their collections. According to a recent CNN Three British museums have reportedly adopted the terms “mummified remains” and “mummified persons,” and several institutions in the United States have said so Centre County Report that they also update their language to gain more respect for the people who show them to the public.

Across the UK, the Great North Museum: Hancock in Newcastle, the British Museum in London and the National Museums of Scotland in Edinburgh have rewritten their exhibition labels and online resources using the new language as it “can encourage visitors to relate to the person to think that once lived.” Jo Anderson, Assistant Supervisor of Archeology at the Great North Museum: Hancock, referred to the historical evidence of Britain’s disregard and desecration of ancient Egyptian corpses in 2021 Museum blog post Clarification of the terms of changing the description language.

According to the blog post, the museum’s famous corpse of an ancient Egyptian woman named Irtyru was brought to England and the subject of a public “unpacking party‘ in 1830 – one of the more grotesque repercussions of the Victorian-era ‘Egyptomania’ craze that superseded centuries of European practice consume ground mummies for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Unfortunately, the blatant objectification of the extant ancient Egyptians extended to the art world as well. From the 16th to the 20th century, Mummy Brown was a widely popular shade Oil painting pigmented with powdered remains plundered from Egypt and sold across Europe.

“Examen d’une momie” (“Examination of a Mummy”) by Paul Dominique Philippoteaux, circa 1980 (via Wikimedia Commons)

Adam Goldwater, the museum’s manager, narrated CNN that the visitor research yielded indications that the museum visitors “did not recognize that [Irtyru] was a real person,” prompting the institution to “represent her more sensitively.”

The National Museums Scotland (NMS) have also updated their language. The use of the term “mummified person” was first introduced during the 2017 exhibition The Tomb: Ancient Egyptian Burial and was implemented throughout the duration Ancient Egypt rediscovered Gallery that opened in 2019. The British Museum still uses the word “mummy” in its galleries, but has also adopted the term “mummified person” in new exhibitions. A spokesman for the British Museum pointed out that there is no intention of phasing out the word “mummy” throughout the institution.

The language change is also taking place on the other side of the pond. Four museums informed Centre County Report that they have either already adopted the terminology in their exhibits and additional literature, or are in the process of re-establishing guidelines to include more sensitive language for the individuals in their burial collections.

“We have had many internal discussions about the adoption of the term ‘mummified remains’ or ‘mummified person,’ and best practices for alerting our visitors to the presence of mummified persons in our gallery spaces,” said a spokesman for the Brooklyn Museum Centre County Reportciting the decision to rename their mummy chamber housing four mummified persons, five years ago to the Funerary Gallery. (Separately, the institution was recently identified in a ProPublica database for its holdings Native American remains which have yet to be identified and traced under NAGPRA.)

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The Metropolitan Museum of Art in Manhattan has over a dozen mummified individuals in its collections and also uses the term “mummified remains” in its galleries, with a representative noting that the museum “strives to convey care, dignity, and respect through explanation and context.” to convey information.”

The Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago has 89 mummified remains in its collection, 13 of which are human. This was announced by a spokesman for the institute Centre County Report that while administrative and faculty discussions are taking place to establish guidelines on terminology, the gallery’s signage variously refers to “mummified remains”, “mummy of (name of person)” and “mummified boy”. They also noted that there is a sign at the entrance to the Egyptian Gallery advising visitors that they will see human and animal remains.

The Field Museum in Chicago has one of the largest collections of mummified remains in the country 23 people in your possession. As the museum’s Africa and Egypt galleries undergo transformations, a representative stated that they would “certainly consider a shift from ‘mummy’ to ‘mummified remains’ when referring to these individuals and their burial context.”

Mummy of Ukhhotep son of Hedjpu, Middle Kingdom ca. 1981–1802 BC (via The Metropolitan Museum of Art)

but the The notion that “mummified remains” is the more appropriate and humanizing term for preserved bodies is not universally accepted. Professor Salima Ikram, Department Head of Egyptology at the American University in Cairo, Egypt, has used and narrated the word “mummy” in several books, articles and publications Centre County Report that she actually finds the term “mummified remains” “offensive and inhuman” and that several of her colleagues share her opinion.

“‘Remains’ suggests that the body is fragmentary (and reminds me of what you leave on your plate, I think),” explained Ikram. “I think the problem is that you have to educate people to realize that a mummy is actually a human (or other animal) that has undergone a complex transformation process that the Egyptians believed was crucial was that the person ceases to be human and become divine so that the individual may live forever.”

The ancient Egyptian process of mummification was not rooted in a preoccupation with death, but in a love of life and a desire to continue it after death. priest worked as an embalmer to carefully remove the organs, desiccate the body and carefully wrap it in hundreds of yards of linen while performing rituals to ensure the deceased retains all their abilities in the afterlife. Mummies were kept with their belongings, which the living believed they would also need in the afterlife.

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“I’m saddened by this notion that a name change will change or improve people’s understanding,” Ikram lamented. “Education and enlightenment are crucial, and indeed, at least here in Egypt, the word mummy quite specifically refers to a human being, albeit in a transformed state.”

In response to Ikram’s comments, the National Museum of Scotland said Centre County Report that the adopted language was also woven into its educational resources and online information.

“Our interpretation appeals to both ancient Egyptian beliefs about mummification and colonial-era collecting practices,” the NMS spokesman said.

“In our digital school sessions and school workshop, children are encouraged to imagine these individuals as real people who once had lives of their own, teaching what the ancient Egyptians hoped to achieve through mummification.”

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MTV’s The Exhibit Is Back With an Inflatable Dolphin

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I wasn’t even a minute and a half into the fourth episode of MTV The exhibition: Find the next great artist as artist Jillian Mayer admitted that despite being in competition, she has many friends on the show, which she described as a “cute bunch of talented creatives.” With only two episodes left, even the magic of friendship can’t revive the series’ waning heartbeat as the competing artists in this week’s round addressed themes of justice and injustice.

Honestly, this was the most lifeless episode yet, and that surprised me, considering that a number of the competing artists’ personal practices engage with intersectionality and minority perspectives. I think what made it so gaping was the fact that so far I haven’t seen any growth or inventiveness from the artists (except with Jamaal Barber, which I’ll come back to later), but rather a stagnant reliance on existing skills, knowledge and canons to win the $100,000 prize and an exhibition at the Hirshhorn. It just gets painful to sit through another episode knowing exactly what each artist will create before their studio time even begins.

The formula is that Hirshhorn Director Melissa Chiu dully reads her lines from cue cards, co-host Dometi Pongo uses his reality TV voice to convey the next challenge, the painters paint and the sculptors sculpt, and then everyone gathers for the tiniest baby critique. Everyone wants the challenge themes to work for their existing practices, despite being in the perfect environment to try something new and daring or embrace new influences, since no one is left off the show anyway.

Jennifer Warren is working on her painting for Episode 4 of The exhibition

The fleeting climax of the episode, which proved utterly anticlimactic, came when Misha Kahn’s inflatable dolphin pool toy erupted into expanding foam for his endangered species sculptural installation vaquita (Kahn hesitated between pronouncing it as “vuh-quee-ta” and the correct “va-kee-ta”), a California bottlenose dolphin he apparently only found out about a few weeks ago. I winced a little when Kahn, a white cisgender man, explained that animals are “the most marginalized group” because they “literally have no voice”. I mean, he’s not technically wrong and I’ve got as much heart and soul as the next person, but read the room beast.

Clare Kambhu made a large format oil and acrylic painting of standard school chairs viewed from above and arranged in a semicircle reminiscent of classroom discussions. “Are schools places of oppression, places where we can make meaningful change, or both?” Kambhu asks through her painting. (Hint: it’s both…) It was technically well done, but tired of hanging on to her other chair pictures in a way that made it easy for me to overlook it. Jillian Mayer made a really DIY-esque installation about how social media platforms benefit from outrage porn and hiveminds, but somehow include filter feeders and live goldfish…?

Frank Buffalo Hyde painted a landscape of Granite Mountain in South Dakota’s Black Hills, a sacred indigenous site that was irreparably defaced to create Mt. Rushmore. I didn’t think his style translated well into this painting, but I was taken aback when Chiu commented that the color blue is not typically associated with landscapes, and when judge Kenny Schachter returned, whose presence on the show remains a mystery, said it never occurred to him to consider Mt. Rushmore as anything other than a feat of human excellence before speaking with Buffalo Hyde. I mean… oops.

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Frank Buffalo Hyde’s landscape of Granite Mountain in the Black Hills of South Dakota

Jamaal Barber lost out in this episode when he forgot to trust his vision. His original commission idea was an abstracted account of the state-sanctioned murder of 23-year-old Amadou Diallo, a Guinean who was shot 41 times by the NYPD in 1999. Barber was the only one trying to do something new this week and heed the judges’ feedback by moving away from portraiture and figuration, but it was his beautifully painted faces that secured him victory in episode three. However, I definitely appreciate him for venturing out of his comfort zone and exploring new methods and ideas.

And, as predicted, although she was very clear, Jennifer Warren painted another flat, unrefined oil painting knows how to draw and that would have made more sense for the comic strip she was doing. Baseera Khan’s head didn’t feel like it was in the game this week and it showed in her work as well, which is unfortunate because I thought they knocked that one out of the park.

At the end of the day, when I can’t have the drama of shadows, shit talk, and outrageous challenges, I just want to see something fresh and exciting coming from these artists. But I won’t hold my breath.

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Juxtapoz Magazine – The Wizard Of Barge: A Six-Pack With Dakota Cates

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Dakota Cates (aka Wizard of Barge) is one of my favorite artists I’ve discovered through social media. Like most people who crave dopamine, I spend too much time staring into the digital void; However, when my incessant scrolling rewards me with WOB’s art, I’m always glad I went on the endorphin hunt. Funny, poignant, beautiful, and at times a little crass, Dakota’s strange world of wondrous wizards and wacky creatures never fails to disperse the storm clouds of modern malaise. I recently took a mystical journey into his DMs and we threw back a six pack of questions.

Michael Seven: How did you come up with the name Wizard of Barge? Did you consider any other names before landing on this?
Wizard of Barge
: I love fantasy and magic, and “Barge” was my skate crew’s rallying cry in Houston. If you’re afraid to try something – just go for it, man! I had no idea it would become my stage name until it was way too late to choose a less confusing name. Oops!

Her art has a rather upbeat tone to it. Is anything upsetting you?
I’m sure I’m just as pissed off as everyone else, but that’s exactly why I like to bring positivity and humor to my art – to fight the fucking Chaos Lords that wreak havoc on our lives. It’s kind of a reminder to myself not to take it all too seriously and just enjoy the ride. There’s enough shit out there to watch without me blocking your eyeholes.

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Which artists have inspired you in developing your individual illustration style?
I got into art through skateboarding so you were a huge influence on me early on along with the likes of Ed Templeton and Neckface. I’ve also fallen in love with a lot of fantasy artists like Skinner, Moebius, Frazetta, and really anyone who draws crazy creatures.

If you could work on a project with an unlimited budget, what would you come up with?
I grew up watching cartoons, so this is probably high on my bucket list now. I’d love to create a complete universe around my characters and see what they’re up to on any given day: follow some goblins as they play pranks in a dungeon, watch some cultists door-to-door trying to recruit new members the end times. You know, everyday events in the Barge realm.

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If you had a time machine, what advice would you give to the 12-year-old version of yourself?
Follow your stoke! It’s too easy to look at your dream job and think: That doesn’t happen to people like me. It kept me from really getting out there and trying until I gave up that mindset. Oh, and don’t trust farts!

Who would win in a fight between Harry Potter and Gandalf?
Gandalf all day man! He fights armies of orcs and giant demons while Harry, uh… does his homework?! And how are you going to call yourself a wizard without a long, magical beard? I mean, I don’t have either, but that’s just genetics. Thanks father!

Check out more of Dakota’s art on Instagram: @Wizard of Barge or visit his page: Wizardofbarge.com

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Elizabeth Talford Scott at Goya Contemporary

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Sadly, while Elizabeth Talford Scott’s unwavering contributions to fiber art deserve wide acclaim, she is underappreciated outside of Baltimore, where she lived from the early 1940s until her death in 2011 at the age of 95. She has not been acclaimed in the landmark travel exhibition Soul of a Nation: Art in the Age of Black Power, 2017-20, which debuted at Tate Modern in London, or in the more recent survey Called to Create: Black Artists of the American South”, 2022–23, at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC. An extensive but concise retrospective covering nearly two decades of Scott’s textile-based oeuvre in thirteen extraordinary works partially rectifies these omissions.

Scott was born in 1916 on a plantation near Chester, South Carolina to a family of sharecroppers. He learned to reuse discarded materials and learned to quilt at an early age. These indelible lessons formed the cornerstone of her unhindered art, which is often adorned with a catholic array of brilliant objects. Gaze at the iridescent surfaces of these intricately stitched fusions and behold a tactile hodgepodge sure to satisfy even the most voracious viewer. Take The Whosit family, 1995, a five-foot-tall egg ecstatically adorned with patterned fabrics, buttons, beads, stones, shells, sequins, and other odds and ends. Or consider Upside down, 1992, another rampant, wall-mounted and trinket-laden piece of a similar size. As with fractals, the more you look, the more there is to discover. The visual feast continues, reaching a celebratory crescendo Birthday, 1997, which is adorned with dozens of faux pearls along its wavy edge. Playing by their own rules, Scott’s Byzantine creations delight in a kind of unfettered abundance that’s bountiful, dizzying, and truly unforgettable.

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